ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of two xylanases in the diet of meat-type quail on performance, morphology of the intestinal mucosa, metabolization of nutrients, and carcass yield. The experimental design was a completely randomized 2×3+1 factorial arrangement [two metabolisable energy reductions (70 and 140 kcal/kg), with or without the inclusion of two xylanases (A and B), plus a control treatment without xylanase), totalling seven treatments with five replicates and 42 quail each. Total excreta were collected at 28 days of age to determine the metabolisable coefficients of dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and gross energy (GE). There was no interaction between the energetic reductions and inclusion of xylanases on performance variables of the birds. The 70 kcal/kg reduction led to better results for feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion, while the 140 kcal/kg reduction led to worse results. In terms of jejunum morphometry, there was no interaction between energy reductions and inclusion of xylanases, although xylanases increased villi height and villus:crypt ratio. There was an interaction between energy reduction and inclusion of enzymes for the metabolisability coefficients of CP, NDF, and GE, leading to improvements in these coefficients. Xylanases A and B are effective in energy-reduced corn and soybean meal diets for 15 to 35-day-old quail.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the growth parameters of body weight and body nutrient deposition in males and females of one meat- (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying-type quail strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica), designated either yellow or red, using the Gompertz model. A total of 1350 quail from 1 to 42 days of age were used and they were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five replications for each strain. The parameters of body weight and body composition of the quail were analyzed weekly and evaluated using the Gompertz equation; growth rates and body nutrient deposition were evaluated through derivative equations. The three strains evaluated showed differences in their potential, growth rates, and body chemical composition. The composition up to 42 days of age was not sufficient to adjust the fat deposition data using Gompertz. Due to the period evaluated, the Gompertz model allowed to verify that females have higher body growth rates when compared with males of the same strains, with accelerated growth up to 14 and 21 days of age for males and females, respectively. Regarding the laying strain, the red has greater growth, with similar potential in depositing protein and water in the carcass, but they are more precocious in the deposition of these nutrients.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the adjustment quality of non-linear models and estimate the growth parameters and body chemical composition of a meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying quail strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica), designated yellow and red. The study used 1500 quail, not sexed, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and five repetitions. The experimental period was from 1-42 days of age. The birds were raised in a conventional system and fed ad libitum with a diet formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. Quail were weighed weekly, and a representative sample was slaughtered to evaluate their body chemical composition. The adjustment quality of the models was evaluated by means of the residual mean square (RMS), regression residue squares sum (SSRR), and number of iterations required for convergence. In evaluating the adjustment quality for the body weight of the three strains, the Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy models gave good fit, with Gompertz providing the best adjustment among them. For body composition, the Gompertz and Logistic models were the best, with Gompertz showing a slight superiority. Gompertz is the best model for describing growth curves and body chemical composition of body weight, protein, water, and ash in meat-type quail. In addition, it is the best model for describing growth curves and body chemical composition of body weight of yellow laying quail and of body weight, protein, and ash in red laying quail. Logistic was the best model for describing growth curves and body chemical composition of water, protein, and ash in yellow laying quail, and of water in red laying quail.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a biometria das vísceras e os parâmetros sanguíneos de codornas de corte aos 14 e 35 dias de idade, suplementadas com diferentes níveis de selênio inorgânico e vitamina E. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4×4 (Se inorgânico = 0,1125; 0,2250; 0,3375 e 0,4500 mg/kg de ração x VE = 10; 23; 36 e 49 UI/kg de ração). No experimento de 0 a 14 dias, foram utilizadas 2.400 codornas recémnascidas, distribuídas em 16 tratamentos e três repetições de 50 aves cada. No experimento de 14 a 35 dias, sob os mesmos tratamentos, foram utilizadas 1.680 codornas com 14 dias de idade e três repetições de 35 aves cada. Aos 14 dias, o pesos relativo de baço (P=0,0203) aumentou linearmente em função dos níveis de VE, enquanto aos 35 dias, o peso relativo de bolsa cloacal (P=0,0390) aumentou linearmente em função do Se. Aos 14 dias, verificou-se interação (P=0,0097) vitamínica x mineral nas concentrações de colesterol total (CT), além de efeito quadrático (P=0,0138) relacionado aos níveis de Se e redução linear (P=0,0275) em função da VE. Aos 35 dias, as concentrações de CT (P=0,0055) e triglicerídeos (TGR, P=0,0220) apresentaram efeito quadrático para o Se. O aumento linear do peso do baço e bolsa cloacal aos 14 e 35 dias respectivamente, sugerem melhora na resposta imune em função da suplementação de VE e Se. Para a mínima concentração de CT e TGR aos 35 dias de idade, recomenda-se a suplementação de 0,26 e 0,29 mg/Se/kg/ração respectivamente.

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate biometric viscera and blood parameters of quails at 14 and 35 days of age, supplemented with different levels of inorganic selenium and vitamin E. A completely randomized design was used in a 4×4 factorial scheme (inorganic Se = 0.1125, 0.2250, 0.3375 and 0.4500 mg/kg diet x VE = 10, 23, 36 and 49 IU/kg feed). In the 0-14 days experiment, 2,400 newborn quail were used, distributed in 16 treatments and three replications of 50 birds each. In the 14-35 days experiment, 1,680 14 day-old quails were used with same treatments and three replicates of 35 birds each. At 14 days, the relative spleen weights (P=0.0203) increased linearly as a function of the VE level, while at 35 days, the relative weight of the bursa (P=0.0390) increased linearly as a function of Se concentration. At 14 days, there was a vitamin x mineral interaction (p=0.0097) affecting total cholesterol (TC), and a quadratic effect (P = 0.0138) related to Se and linear reduction levels (P=0.0275) as a function of VE. At 35 days, the TC concentrations (P=0.0055) and triglycerides (TG, P = 0.0220) showed a quadratic effect for Se. The linear increase in spleen weight and bursa after 14 and 35 days respectively suggests an improved immune response as a function of VE and Se supplementation. To achieve the lowest concentration of TC and TG at 35 days of age, supplementation of 0.26 and 0.29 mg/Se/kg/feed, respectively, is recommended.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to estimate the parameters of the Gompertz, Brody, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy equations through Bayesian inference and evaluate the potential for growth in terms of weight and body composition of laying female quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The weights and body compositions of the birds were obtained weekly (1-119 days), allowing the adjustment of the four equations by Bayesian inference. The parameters mature weight (β1), integration constant (β2), maturity rate (β3), and their credibility intervals in four models on body weight and body components were properly estimated by Bayesian inference to describe the body growth in laying quail. The inflection point was determined by the 1st and 2nd derivatives of the Gompertz equation for body weight and body components (fat, protein, ash, and water). Based on Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) for the studied and analyzed variables, there is a model that fits best as a result of its better performance to achieve the DIC value. The Von Bertalanffy model proved to be very versatile, not obtaining good fit of data only for fat. The study shows that other models can also be used in several data sets as an alternative to Gompertz, which, due to its adequate biological interpretation and desirable characteristics in a curve growth, is generally the most used.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to determine the required levels of supplementary vitamin D and calcium in meat-type quail (Coturnix coturnix sp) between 15 and 35 days old. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial design with four levels of calcium: 0.42, 0.58, 0.74, and 0.90% and four levels of vitamin D: 1,000; 2,000; 3,000; and 4,000 IU. Body weight and body weight gain increased linearly and feed conversion showed some linear improvement due to increased levels of Ca and vitamin D. The increased vitamin D levels resulted in a linear increase in feed intake. Calcium and vitamin D requirements in meat-type quail between 15 and 35 days of age is greater or equal to 0.90% Ca and greater or equal to 4,000 IU of vitamin D, probably because the experiment was conducted during the pre-laying phase.

El objetivo de este experimento fue evaluar la calidad interna del huevo de las gallinas ponedoras (Hy-line W36), en dos edades diferentes (37 y 69 semanas), con 6 periodos de almacenamiento (1, 7, 14, 21, 28 y 35 día), dos condiciones de almacenamiento (habitación y refrigerador) y dos tipos de embalaje de huevos (con y sin película plástica); asignado a un estudio aleatorizado en un factorial (2 x 6 x 2 x 2). Los parámetros analizados fueron: altura de la albúmina, la pérdida de peso relativo del huevo, la gravedad específica y Haugh unidad (UH). Los huevos almacenados en una nevera y una menor edad de las gallinas ponedoras dieron lugar a una mejor preservación de la calidad interna del huevo. El tipo de embalaje no ha aportado ningún cambio en la calidad interna en los distintos tipos de almacenamiento.

Quality of eggs of laying hens in two ages under different storage conditions and type of egg carton

O objetivo deste experimento foi de avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos de poedeiras comerciais (Hy- line W36), em duas idades diferentes (37 e 69 semanas), com 6 períodos de estocagem (1, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias), duas condições de armazenamento (ambiente e geladeira) e dois tipos de embalagem de ovos ( com e sem plástico filme); distribuídos em delineamento ao acaso em esquema fatorial (2 x 6 x 2 x 2). Os parâmetros analisados foram: altura de albúmen, perda de peso relativo dos ovos, gravidade específica e unidade Haugh (UH). O armazenamento dos ovos em geladeira e a menor idade das poedeiras proporcionaram melhor conservação da qualidade interna dos ovos. O tipo de embalagem não proporcionou nenhuma alteração na qualidade interna nos diferentes tipos de armazenamento.

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos e o desempenho de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês e cordeiros ½ Dorper - Santa Inês nas estações verão e inverno. Foram utilizadas 160 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês e 189 cordeiros ½ Dorper - Santa Inês em delineamento inteiramente casualizado distribuídas em dois tratamentos, verão: 80 ovelhas e 92 cordeiros e no inverno: 80 ovelhas e 97 cordeiros. Registrou-se os parâmetros ambientais, temperatura do ar (Ta^oC), umidade relativa (UR%), velocidade do vento (Vv m.s^-1) e temperatura do globo negro (Tg^oC) e parâmetros fisiológicos, temperatura retal (TR^oC), frequência respiratória (FR mov.min^-1) e frequência cardíaca (FC bat.min^-1). A condição corporal das ovelhas foi aferida ao parto. No terço final de gestação verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) para TR, FR e FC nas ovelhas, em que no verão os valores foram, respectivamente, 40,63^oC, 102,58 (mov.min^-1) e 128,34 (bat.min^-1) com ICT 46, e no inverno foi de 38,34^oC, 35,71 (mov.min^-1), 77,96( bat.min^-1) com ICT de 14. Os valores de TR, FR e FC ao parto e ao desmame também foram significativas entre as estações verão e inverno. Foram verificadas diferenças (P<0,05) para a TR, FR e FC dos cordeiros ao nascimento e ao desmame entre o verão e inverno. O peso ao nascer (4,51±2,86) e ao desmame (16,91±3,91) foram superiores para os cordeiros nascidos no verão. Durante o verão, ovelhas da raça Santa Inês foram superiores em escore de condição corporal, favorecendo nascimentos de cordeiros mais pesados e consequentemente peso ao desmame superior, com taxa de sobrevivência acima da encontrada no inverno.</p>

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters and performance of sheep Santa Inês and Dorperlambs ½-SantaInes in summer and winter seasons. 160 Santa Inês sheep and 189 ½ Dorper lambs were used - Santa Inês completely randomized in two treatments, summer: 80 sheep and 92 lambs and winter: 80 sheep and 97 lambs.Was recorded environmental the environmental parameters of air temperature (Ta°C), relative humidity (% RH), wind speed (Vvms- 1) and black globe temperature (Tg°C) and physiological parameters of rectal temperature (Tr°C), respiratory rate (RR mov.min-1) and heart rate (HR beat.min - 1). The body condition of the ewes was measured at birth. In the final third of gestation there was a significant effect P < 0.05) for TR, FR and HR on sheep, where in summer the values were 40.63°C, 102.58 (mov.min-1) and 128,34 (beat.min-1) with 46 ICT, and winter was 38.34°C , 35.71 (mov.min-1), 77.96 (beat.min-1) with ICT of 14. The values of TR, RR and HR at birth and weaning were also significant between the summer and winter seasons. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) for TR, RR and HR of lambs at birth and weaning between summer and winter. The weight at birth (4.51 ± 2.86) and weaning (16.91 ± 3.91) were higher for those born in the summer. During the summer Santa Inês ewes were superior in body condition score, favoring births of heavier lambs and consequently higher weaning weight with higher rate of survival than those found in winter.</p>

Desempeño y rendimiento en carcasa y piezas de tres diferentes líneas de codornices

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and yield of the carcass and parts (wing, thigh and drumstick, back and chest) of males and females of a meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix sp.) and two strains of laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) called yellow and red. 1350 birds were used, one to 42 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five repetitions for each line. The birds were fed ad libitum with diets formulated to meet its nutritional requirements. The performance was evaluated weekly and the parts and carcass yield at 35 and 42 days of age. The meat-type strain showed higher body weight, average weight gain, feed conversion, biomass accumulated body of a 14 day of age carcass yield at 35 days and chest at 35 and 42 days. Among the laying quails, red obtained better results for weight gain, feed conversion and yield wing after 42 days of age. The gender effect was observed for yield wing and back to 35 days of age to 42 days and breast. It is verifi ed that the three evaluated quail strains showed higher body accumulated biomass and better feed conversion within one to 14 days of age demonstrating higher growth effi ciency during this period. Higher if there meat-type strain development capability, with better carcass yield at 35 days of age.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e o rendimento da carcaça e partes (asa, coxa e sobrecoxa, dorso e peito) de machos e fêmeas de uma linhagem de codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix sp.) e duas linhagens de codornas de postura (Coturnix coturnix japonica) denominadas amarela e vermelha. Foram utilizadas 1.350 aves, de um a 42 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições para cada linhagem. As aves foram alimentadas ad libitum com dietas formuladas para atender as suas exigências nutricionais. O desempenho foi avaliado semanalmente e o rendimento da carcaça e partes aos 35 e 42 dias de idade. A linhagem de corte apresentou maior peso vivo, ganho médio de peso, conversão alimentar, biomassa corporal acumulada de um a 14 dias de idade, rendimento de carcaça aos 35 dias e de peito aos 35 e 42 dias de idade. Dentre as codornas de postura, a vermelha obteve melhores resultados para ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e rendimento de asa aos 42 dias de idade. O efeito do sexo foi observado para o rendimento de asa e dorso aos 35 dias de idade e peito aos 42 dias. Foi verificado que as três linhagens de codornas avaliadas apresentaram maior biomassa corporal acumulada e melhor conversão alimentar no período de um a 14 dias de idade demonstrando maior eficiência de crescimento durante este período. Verificou-se maior capacidade de desenvolvimento da linhagem de corte, com melhor rendimento de carcaça aos 35 dias de idade.